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Technological Competition, Employment and Innovation Policies in OECD Countries
Paul J.J. Welfens ,
David B. Audretsch ,
John T. Addison , and
Hariolf Grupp
Manufacturer: Springer
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ASIN: 3540634398 |
Book Description
High unemployment rates in the period of an internationalization of economies and an intensified technological competition are the main problems that exist in most EU countries. Taking stock of unemployment patterns, technological trends and employment opportunities in the EU and the US is crucial for the reform debate in Europe. In continental Europe, major problems are an insufficient creation of new firms in innovative technology fields, inadequate labor market developments and inconsistent R&D policies. Founded on new data evaluations, the book presents an innovative analysis of these topics and shows opportunities for reforms.
Book Description
"Fundraising Fundamentals is a practical and valuable resource for fundraising professionals, trustees, philanthropists, and nonprofit executives who aspire to raise substantial monies for worthy causes. I have utilized Jim Greenfield's literature in various fundraising courses . . . my students have benefited from the theory and substance that Jim so clearly conveys along with real-life models that can be applied to their respective organizations."
-Stephen M. Levy, CFRE, President of Levy Philanthropic Counsel
Former Chair of the Association of Professionals Foundation Board
Adjunct Professor of Philanthropy, Columbia University
Proven methods and techniques for running a successful annual giving campaign
Learn how to carry out winning annual giving campaigns that will help your nonprofit organization grow and increase its financial resources with Fundraising Fundamentals. Complete with the essential basics of fundraising and comprehensive enough to help experienced fundraisers improve their campaigns, this up-to-date Second Edition features key material on:
- How to find likely first-time donors
- Membership organizations and donor clubs
- Methods of donor renewal, upgrading, and reward
- Recruiting and training volunteer solicitors
- Multimedia and Internet soliciting techniques
Customer Reviews:
An invalauable resource.......2002-04-11
Fundraising Fundamentals by James Greenfield has been around for some time, and I have used it as a trusted resource time and again. This new edition is even better than the first. There are new sections covering telephone/telemarketing sklls, corporate solicitation, and the internet (this is particularly useful). There are also plenty of case studies and examples to help readers learn to implement the guidance Greenfield provides in their own nonprofit. Whatever your experience/skill level in your nonprofit, this is the one resource you should not do without!
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Great Source for Info.......2006-05-03
I checked a copy of this book out of my local library and thought so much of it I bought one to own.
It's THE owner's manual for any divorce filed in Michigan. Especially if you have kids and/or the Fiend of the Court (sic) is involved.
M. Maran lays it out is simple and easy to follow steps. If your divorced in Michigan you need this book.
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Soil Responses to Climate Change (NATO ASI Series / Global Environmental Change)
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ASIN: 3540583734 |
Book Description
Soils will play a central role in mediating the impact of climate change on natural and managed ecosystems.
The book addresses the various responses of soil processes and properties to environmental change and highlights their contribution to the proper understanding of ecosystem behaviour.
Topics include: Soil hydrology; landscape evolution; salinisation; desertification; soil nitrogen dynamics; soil carbon; soil microbiology; soil erosion; crop modelling.
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Soil Biology and Biochemistry, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
We explored an alternative method to analyse data of Couteaux et al. [2002, Soil Biology and Biochemistry 34, 69-78] on the decomposition of a standard organic material in six soils along an altitudinal gradient in the Venezuelan Andes (65-3968ma.s.l.). Couteaux et al., fitted separate two-component decomposition models to data of the individual sites, allowing the initial size of the labile and the resistant component to differ between sites. This procedure led them to conclude that the initial size of the resistant component and its decomposition rate depend on temperature while decomposition rate of the labile component does not, which seems biologically unlikely and at variance with literature. As an alternative we fitted a single two-component model to the whole data set, using identical initial component sizes for all sites. We found no statistical ground for using variable initial component sizes. It appeared that the data does not allow a conclusion on the effect of temperature on the decomposition of the labile component. We also investigated alternatives for the values of Q"1"0 and T"o"p"t that were used by Couteaux et al., and found that temperature explains a larger part of the differences in decomposition rate among sites when using a Q"1"0 value of 3.75 instead of 2.2 and a T"o"p"t value of 27^oC instead of 25^oC. We discuss the arguments used in model selection and the consequences for predictions of long-term accumulation of soil carbon. Our analysis suggests an even stronger positive feedback between global warming and soil carbon emission than the analysis by Couteaux et al.
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Applied Soil Ecology, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
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The aim of this study was to determine the response of N and C transformations in the soil to seasonal drought in repeatedly N-fertilized forest soils. The study sites were long-term N fertilization experiments in two Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) stands growing on rather fertile sites in southern Finland. The treatments were control (C), control exposed to seasonal drought (C+D), N fertilization (N), and N fertilization combined with drought (N+D). To the N-fertilized plots, about 600-1000kg/ha nitrogen had been applied over a period of 35 years. For the drought treatment, the plots were covered with a plastic roof 1-4m above ground level for 2-3 months in May-July. Soil was sampled before and after the drought treatments. Net N mineralization, net nitrification, and C mineralization (CO"2-evolution) were studied in incubation experiments after soil moisture had been adjusted to constant soil moisture content (60% water-holding capacity (WHC)). Taken as a whole, no major differences were observed in the net formation of mineral N in drought-treated soils compared to untreated soils, but in N-fertilized soil, net formation of mineral N tended to increase due to drought. Previous drought treatment also tended to increase net nitrification, but did not change the average rate of C mineralization, at least not in over the longer term. Soil samples were also incubated at the original soil moisture content. The response of different processes to drought seemed to vary, net nitrification being the most sensitive. Amounts of microbial biomass C and N were lowest in soil samples from the plots that had received N additions, but the drought-treated plots did not differ much from other plots.
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Soil Biology and Biochemistry, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
Although elevation of CO"2 has been reported to impact soil microbial functions, little information is available on the spatial and temporal variation of this effect. The objective of this study was to determine the microbial response in a northern Colorado shortgrass steppe to a 5-year elevation of atmospheric CO"2 as well as the reversibility of the microbial response during a period of several months after shutting off the CO"2 amendment. The experiment was comprised of nine experimental plots: three chambered plots maintained at ambient CO"2 levels of 360@mmolmol^-^1 (ambient treatment), three chambered plots maintained at 720@mmolmol^-^1 CO"2 (elevated treatment) and three unchambered plots of equal ground area used as controls to monitor the chamber effect. Elevated CO"2 induced mainly an increase of enzyme activities (protease, xylanase, invertase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulfatase) in the upper 5cm of the soil and did not change microbial biomass in the soil profile. Since rhizodeposition and newly formed roots enlarged the pool of easily available substrates mainly in the upper soil layers, enzyme regulation (production and activity) rather than shifts in microbial abundance was the driving factor for higher enzyme activities in the upper soil. Repeated soil sampling during the third to fifth year of the experiment revealed an enhancement of enzyme activities which varied in the range of 20-80%. Discriminant analysis including all microbiological properties revealed that the enzyme pattern in 1999 and 2000 was dominated by the CO"2 and chamber effect, while in 2001 the influence of elevated CO"2 increased and the chamber effect decreased. Although microbial biomass did not show any response to elevated CO"2 during the main experiment, a significant increase of soil microbial N was detected as a post-treatment effect probably due to lower nutrient (nitrogen) competition between microorganisms and plants in this N-limited ecosystem. Whereas most enzyme activities showed a significant post-CO"2 effect in spring 2002 (following the conclusion of CO"2 enrichment the previous autumn, 2001), selective depletion of substrates is speculated to be the cause for non-significant treatment effects of most enzyme activities later in summer and autumn, 2002. Therefore, additional belowground carbon input mainly entered the fast cycling carbon pool and contributed little to long-term carbon storage in the semi-arid grassland.
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Soil Biology and Biochemistry, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
A litterbag experiment was used to study the impact of extended periods of summer drought on the structure of oribatid mite communities (Acari, Oribatida) developing in two litter types (beech, spruce) of two qualities (fresh, pre-incubated). Within each litter type, litter quality determined species composition and densities and, in turn, this determined the impact of drought upon the oribatid mite communities. In both litter types, drought had a greater impact on community development in the pre-incubated compared to the fresh litter. In the short-term perspective of the present study, oribatid mite communities in beech litter were less sensitive to summer drought than those in spruce litter. This was partly due to the presence of site-specific, drought-tolerant species but seemed also strongly related to differences in the decomposition patterns between the litter types. Marked changes in densities and composition of oribatid communities after only one period of summer-drought suggest that there is a potential for a significant alteration of oribatid community structure in both litter types if climatic changes persist.
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
We measured the soil and leaf CO"2 exchange in Quercus ilex and Phillyrea latifolia seasonally throughout the year in a representative site of the Mediterranean region, a natural holm oak forest growing in the Prades Mountains in southeastern Catalonia. In the wet seasons (spring and autumn), we experimentally decreased soil moisture by 30%, by excluding rainfall and water runoff in 12 plots, 1x10m, and left 12 further plots as controls. Our aim was to predict the response of these gas exchanges to the drought forecasted for the next decades for this region by GCM and ecophysiological models. Annual average soil CO"2 exchange rate was 2.27+/-0.27@mmolCO"2m^-^2s^-^1. Annual average leaf CO"2 exchange rates were 8+/-1 and 5+/-1@mmolm^-^2s^-^1 in Q. ilex and P. latifolia, respectively. Soil respiration rates in control treatments followed a seasonal pattern similar to photosynthetic activity. They reached maximum values in spring and autumn (2.5-3.8@mmolm^-^2s^-^1 soil CO"2 emission rates and 7-15@mmolm^-^2s^-^1 net photosynthetic rates) and minimum values (almost 0 for both variables) in summer, showing that soil moisture was the most important factor driving the soil microbial activity and the photosynthetic activity of plants. In autumn, drought treatment strongly decreased net photosynthesis rates and stomatal conductance of Q. ilex by 44% and 53%, respectively. Soil respiration was also reduced by 43% under drought treatment in the wet seasons. In summer there were larger soil CO"2 emissions in drought plots than in control plots, probably driven by autotrophic (roots) metabolism. The results indicate that leaf and soil CO"2 exchange may be strongly reduced (by ca. 44%) by the predicted decreases of soil water availability in the next decades. Long-term studies are needed to confirm these predictions or to find out possible acclimation of those processes.
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
Available information on soil volatile organic compound (VOC) exchange, emissions and uptake, is very scarce. We here describe the amounts and seasonality of soil VOC exchange during a year in a natural Mediterranean holm oak forest growing in Southern Catalonia. We investigated changes in soil VOC dynamics in drought conditions by decreasing the soil moisture to 30% of ambient conditions by artificially excluding rainfall and water runoff, and predicted the response of VOC exchange to the drought forecasted in the Mediterranean region for the next decades by GCM and ecophysiological models. The annual average of the total (detected) soil VOC and total monoterpene exchange rates were 3.2+/-3.2 and -0.4+/-0.3@mgm^-^2h^-^1, respectively, in control plots. These values represent 0.003% of the total C emitted by soil at the study site as CO"2 whereas the annual mean of soil monoterpene exchange represents 0.0004% of total C. Total soil VOC exchange rates in control plots showed seasonal variations following changes in soil moisture and phenology. Maximum values were found in spring (17+/-8@mgm^-^2h^-^1). Although there was no significant global effect of drought treatment on the total soil VOC exchange rates, annual average of total VOC exchange rates in drought plots resulted in an uptake rate (-0.5+/-1.8@mgm^-^2h^-^1) instead of positive net emission rates. Larger soil VOC and monoterpene exchanges were measured in drought plots than in control plots in summer, which might be mostly attributable to autotrophic (roots) metabolism. The results show that the diversity and magnitude of monoterpene and VOC soil emissions are low compared with plant emissions, that they are driven by soil moisture, that they represent a very small part of the soil-released carbon and that they may be strongly reduced or even reversed into net uptakes by the predicted decreases of soil water availability in the next decades. In all cases, it seems that VOC fluxes in soil might have greater impact on soil ecology than on atmospheric chemistry.
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Global and Planetary Change, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
Terrestrial biosphere models/land surface models are routinely used to study the effects of CO"2 doubling and climate change. The objective of this study is to show that the biological response associated with CO"2 doubling is important, and that the effects intrinsically depend on the soil moisture state. Therefore, using a coupled biosphere-atmosphere model, we tested the hypothesis that the biological effects of CO"2 changes in biosphere models are significantly coupled to the hydrological feedback via soil moisture availability in a terrestrial biosphere/land surface model. The results from a 15-day simulation of a photosynthesis-based land surface model, dynamically coupled to an atmospheric boundary layer and surface energy balance scheme, were analyzed to test the hypothesis. The objective was to analyze the biological effects of CO"2 doubling under high as well as limiting soil moisture conditions for prescribed changes to the vegetation/land use type. The approach was to analyze the results from a coupled land surface-atmosphere model obtained by changing the biome type for each run. Sensitivity for all of the nine global vegetation type changes, as defined through the Simple Biosphere Model ver. 2 (SiB2) land cover classification, were analyzed for evapotranspiration and net carbon assimilation. The results indicated that: (i) the soil moisture (and its interaction with CO"2) has a direct (first-order) effect on the biological effects of CO"2 changes and the terrestrial ecosystem response; (ii) the biological impacts associated with CO"2 changes in a biospheric model should be interpreted in consideration of the soil moisture status; and droughts or high soil moisture availability can enhance or completely balance or even reverse the effects associated with CO"2 changes; (iii) for each vegetation type, the model results indicated a different response to soil moisture and CO"2 changes; and resolving the direct and indirect effects explicitly, both C3 and C4 vegetation, appeared to be significantly affected by the biological effects of CO"2 changes, and (iv) the explicit coupling between soil moisture/hydrological state and the CO"2 changes need to be explicitly considered in projecting climate change impacts. The study results also indicated that feedback pathways can be efficiently determined by dissociating the direct and the interactive effects of CO"2 impacts.
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Global and Planetary Change, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
Dendrogeomorphologic approaches were used to study hillslope erosion and valley floor dynamics in a small drainage basin in the Colorado Plateau of northeastern Arizona, U.S.A. Root exposure in pinyon pines indicated hillslope erosion averaged 1.9mm/yr over the last 400yr, but erosion has been highly episodic. Negative increment growth anomalies in hillslope trees are interpreted as the consequence of rapid aerial exposure of roots by erosion. During the last 300yr, two of three major episodes of these growth anomalies occurred after abrupt transitions from prolonged, multi-year droughts to sustained, lengthy periods of above-average precipitation. The most recent episode of these growth anomalies began within a few years after 1905 and was associated with the largest precipitation shift (drought to wet interval) in the last 400yr. In contrast to trees on eroding hillslopes, increment growth of trees in more geomorphically stable landscape positions closely tracked the regional precipitation signal. Two major alluvial fills on the adjacent valley floor are also linked to the abrupt changes in precipitation regimes and the associated increases in delivery of runoff and sediments from slopes. The clay-cemented sandstones weather rapidly; rapid weathering and sediment production make slopes highly responsive to decadal precipitation changes. Significant vegetation declines on slopes during extreme drought make hillslope soils more prone to erosion if heavy precipitation follows soon thereafter.
Average customer rating:
- Excellent overview, gives the basics & interesting uses.
- we are manafacture exporters of surgical manicure scissors
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Micromanipulation by Light in Biology and Medicine: the Laser Microbeam and Optical Tweezers (Methods in Bioengineering)
Karl Otto Greulich
Manufacturer: Birkhäuser Boston
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ASIN: 0817638733 |
Book Description
Laser micromanipulation--implying perforation, cutting and welding of biological objects using. optical tweezers, as well as moving them just by using, forces generated by a laser microbeam--is becoming an increasingly popular technique for studying biological objects, especially automatedDNA sequencing. This book is an excellent introduction to the basics and primarily biological applications of optical trapping and laser microbeam techniques. The author, one of the pioneers of the microbeam technique, examines the field in depth, covering basic physical principles to applications in cell and molecular biology, and biomedicine. This book bridges the gap between physicists who understand the underlying principles of the method but are not aware of its numerous biological applications, and biologists who seek background information on the underlying principles.
Customer Reviews:
Excellent overview, gives the basics & interesting uses........2001-06-26
I work in Optical Tweezers and have done for a few years now. This book is very interesting, so much so that I'd love to own a copy! Unfortunately, I can't really afford it, but it'll certainly be on my Wish List! My supervisor saw it and is going to buy one for the group, so at least I'll have easy access to it.
we are manafacture exporters of surgical manicure scissors.......2000-02-06
Dear Sir,
We take this opportunity in introducing ourselves as exporters and manufacture of surgical instruments manicure Scissors Nail Cutter and tweezers . We would be pleased to have a cordial business relations with you as our valued customers have always been appreciating our quality and services always. Having economies of large scale production,we are able to produce goods at very desirable and competitive prices. We assure you our best services and cooperation always. For free samples please contact us at any time convenient to you.
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Laser Chemistry in the UK: A special issue of the journal Laser Chemistry
Manufacturer: Routledge
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ASIN: 3718648695 |
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XI International Symposium on Gas Flow and Chemical Lasers and High-Power Laser Conference: 25-30 August 1996 Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Uk (Spie Proceedings Series, Volume 3092)
Manufacturer: SPIE-International Society for Optical Engine
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ASIN: 0819425079 |
Book Description
This book summarizes the radiation physics knowledge that professionals working in medical physics need to master for efficient and safe dealings with ionizing radiation. It contains eight chapters, each chapter covering a specific group of subjects related to radiation physics and is intended as a textbook for a course in radiation physics in medical-physics graduate programs. However, the book may also be of interest to the large number of professionals, not only medical physicists, who in their daily occupations deal with various aspects of medical physics and find a need to improve their understanding of radiation physics.
The main target audience for this book is graduate students studying for M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in medical physics, who haveto possess the necessary physics and mathematics background knowledge to be able to follow and master the complete textbook. Medical residents, technology students and biomedical engineering students may find certain sections too challenging or esoteric, yet they will find many sections interesting and useful in their studies.
Candidates preparing for professional certification exams in any of the medical physics subspecialties should find the material useful, and some of the material would also help candidates preparing for certification examinations in medical dosimetry or radiation-related medical specialties.
Numerous textbooks are available covering the various subspecialties of medical physics but they generally make a transition from the elementary basic physics directly into the intricacies of the given medical physics subspecialty. The intent of this textbook is to provide the missing link between the elementary physics on the one hand and the physics of the subspecialties on the other hand.
Book Description
Radiation Oncology: A Physicist's-Eye View was written for both physicists and medical oncologists with the aim of helping them approach the use of radiation in the treatment of cancer with understanding, confidence, and imagination. The book will let practitioners in one field understand the problems of, and find solutions for, practitioners in the other. It will help them to know "why" certain approaches are fruitful while, at the same time, encouraging them to ask the question "Why not?" in the face of assertions that some proposal of theirs is impractical, unreasonable, or impossible. Unlike a textbook, fo
rmal and complete developments of the topics are not among the goals. Instead, the reader will develop a foundation for understanding what the author has found to be matters of importance in radiation oncology during over thirty years of experience. Presentations cover, in largely non-technical language, the principal physical and biological aspects of radiation treatment and address practical clinical considerations in planning and delivering therapy. The importance of the assessment of uncertainties is emphasized. Topics include: an overview of the physics of the interactions of radiation with matter; the definition of the goals and the design of radiation therapy approaches; living with uncertainty; biophysical models of radiation damage; computer-based optimization of treatments; and proton therapy.
Formulae and quantitation in general have been avoided in the belief that an understanding of the majority of important medical and biological issues in radiation oncology generally cannot be achieved through mathematical relationships.
This unique and highly readable book will be indispensable both to beginners and to those with experience in either medical physics or radiation oncology.
The author, who is Professor of Radiation Oncology Emeritus at Harvard Medical School, was an early pioneer in the development of image-based treatment planning and has been responsible for developing and putting into clinical practice such widely used tools as: digitally reconstructed radiographs, dose-volume histograms, and beam’s-eye view and has been a leader in the development of proton beam therapy.
Average customer rating:
- A help and a pleasure
- Easy access to Talmud
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The Talmud vol. 13: The Steinsaltz Edition: Tractate Ta'Anit, Part I
Adin Rabbi Steinsaltz
Manufacturer: Random House
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The Talmud vol. 14: The Steinsaltz Edition : Tractate Ta'Anit, Part II
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The Talmud, The Steinsaltz Edition, Volume 18: Tractate Sanhedrin Part IV (Talmud the Steinsaltz Edition)
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The Talmud, The Steinsaltz Edition, Volume 9: Tractate Ketubot Part III (Talmud the Steinsaltz Edition)
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The Talmud, The Steinsaltz Editon, Volume 10: Tractate Ketubot, Part IV (Talmud the Steinsaltz Edition)
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The Talmud vol. 11: The Steinsaltz Edition : Tractate Ketubot, Part V.
ASIN: 0679429611
Release Date: 1995-05-30 |
Customer Reviews:
A help and a pleasure .......2005-10-09
This tractate is one rich in Aggadic ( story) material, and of especially great pleasure to learn. The Steinsaltz edition which I used at one point in studying this Tractate provided a wealth of background information, aside from also helping this one poor learner better understand the suggiot in question.
Easy access to Talmud.......2000-05-29
This edition is perfect if your not too hot on your aramaic. It has a clear lay out and a good translation. It provides an easy to follow english version with the hebrew layed out along side and tries its best to keep the style and order of the original.
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