Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed (The Institution for Social and Policy St)

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James C. Scott's research for this book began with an examination of the tensions between state authorities and various "unstable" individuals throughout history, from hunter-gatherer tribes to Gypsies to the homeless. He soon became fascinated, however, by the recurring patterns of failure and authoritarianism in certain social engineering programs aimed at bringing such people fully into the state's fold. Soviet collectivization, the Maoist Great Leap Forward, the precisely planned city of Brasilia--these and other projects around the world, while deeply ambitious, extracted immeasurable tolls on the people they were designed to help.

One of the most important common factors that Scott found in these schemes is what he refers to as a high modernist ideology. In simplest terms, it is an extremely firm belief that progress can and will make the world a better place. But "scientific" theories about the betterment of life often fail to take into account "the indispensable role of practical knowledge, informal processes, and improvisation in the face of unpredictability" that Scott views as essential to an effective society. What high modernism lacks is metis, a Greek word which Scott translates as "the knowledge that can only come from practical experience." Although metis is closely related to the concept of "mutuality" found in the anarchist writings of, among others, Kropotkin and Bakunin, Scott is careful to emphasize that he is not advocating the abolition of the state or championing a complete reliance on natural "truth." He merely recognizes that some types of states can initiate programs which jeopardize the well-being of all their subjects.

Although the collapse of most socialist governments might lead one to believe that Seeing Like a State is old news, Scott's analysis should prove extremely useful to those considering the effects of global capitalism on local communities.

Book Description

Why have large-scale schemes to improve the human condition in the twentieth century so often gone awry? James C. Scott analyzes diverse failures in high-modernist, authoritarian state planning-collectivization in Russia, the building of Brasilia, compulsory ujamaa villages in Tanzania, and others-and uncovers conditions common to all such planning disasters. What these failures teach us, he argues, is that any centrally managed social plan must recognize the importance of local customs and practical knowledge if it hopes to succeed.

Customer Reviews:

A fascinating must read.......2007-09-25

I've found this book useful, breathtakingly so, in so many ways these days; Scott raises a question at the heart of almost all our current civic debates, even in my own micro-field of schooling and education. I find myself saying, time and again, "she's thinking like a state", and it fits and helps me resort out the arguments. Thank you thank you, Prof. Scott.

Seeing Like a State.......2007-03-29

I got this book because it was recommended as background reading for a local debate about CAFOs. I like the meticulous detail in this treatment of social engineering by governments. That is not a liberal/conservative issue, but one which is worth looking at wherever there is a risk of social control that can lead to inequality and injustice.

Hayek meets Heidegger.......2006-11-28

Brad DeLong's featured review is basically correct - Scott is treading ground remarkably similar to Hayek's. But I don't think that Scott is ignorant of Hayek. Rather, Scott is attempting to explore the same territory, but without coming to the same political conclusions. Early in this book, Scott makes clear that he is not advocating libertarianism (I am told that Scott calls himself an anarchist). He is aiming at a deeper critique of planning, one which is not merely about prices or information, but about metaphysics, epistemology and phenomenology. Scott never makes it explicit, but throughout this book, I got the sense that he is doing continental philosophy. This is a Heideggerian critique of planning - one that just happens to cover some of the same ground as Hayek.

Scott's focus is on "seeing" like a (high modernist) state; the question this book asks is: how does such a state see, and what does state-like perception systematically miss? Scott argues the state's vision is limited to the conscious, the rational, and the abstract - it cannot see beyond what Nassim Nicholas Taleb has called "the Platonic fold." This vision is identical to what continental philosophers refer to as the "objective gaze." The unconscious, the organic, the ecological and the folk-wise are invisible to the modernist bureaucracy. To make these invisible elements rationally "legible," the state reaches out and actively reduces them to known quantities. This allows the state some limited control over them, but in the process any emergent systematic properties are destroyed.

It is tempting to conclude that this book is a generalized critique of government. It is not. The mistakes Scott identifies are characteristic only of a certain type of regime, the high modernist state. High modernism, as Scott identifies it, is a sort of irrational confidence in objective rationality. It becomes possible on a large scale only after the Enlightenment, and especially after the advent of "scientific" management. It is epitomized not only by Stalin, but by Robert McNamara's Department of Defense, and the US Bureau of Reclamations. Nor is it limited to states. Systematic flaws exist in the perception of any large hierarchical organization that makes decisions on the basis of abstract calculative rationality. As such, this is ultimately a much more profound critique than Hayek's.

DeLong is right that this book is not as well-written or organized as it could have been, but the synthesis of Hayek and Heidegger is absolute genius. It makes the book a classic in my view.

Got the gist, gets lost in the details.......2006-08-31

Scott's book gets off to a very good start, arguing that the roots of "high modernism" run deep in a particular world view that grew with scientific culture, but lacks its elements of ruthless self-criticism. What impressed me was his grasp of this ideology as a culture, albeit a culture of a few. Science too is a culture, and this phenomenon is the mentality of the technicians, the engineers, the planners...once they gain power. As one who works in this milieu, although not with the power elite, it rang very true.

He also does a wonderful job of skewering the cultural and aesthetic pretensions of people like Le Corbusier, although this has been done very well by others as well. But Scott does a very good job of showing how the aesthetic was the political, although nobody would admit it.

Unfortunately, after the first two chapters or so, Scott's writing loses its force and wonders about, making no very impressive points, and relating interesting annecdotes, providing intriguing descriptions of bad situations, but not advancing or deepening his argument.

the negative nature of government.......2006-07-29

James Scott argues that the formal rules of social-engineering design inevitably leave out elements essential to their actual function. He expounds cases both in America and abroad, current and historic, that reinforce this theme. Whether planning ecosystems, cities or societies, authoritative, Scott not only hypothesizes but demonstrates that centralized plans which fail to account for local idiosyncracies will themselves fail.
I find Scott so convincing that I finished the book with a sense of dismal foreboding. Neither major political party in the U.S. listens to this message. Even conservatives, traditional advocates for smaller, less centralized government, propose strategies that violate the principles Scott delineates.
This book should be required reading for anyone in public office or on a planning commission. Then it should be read by everyone who votes for those offices so we can see the dangers of voting for people who see like a state rather than like a human being.

Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed.(Book Review): An article from: Journal of International Affairs

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Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed.(Book Review): An article from: Journal of International Affairs
Mica Rosenberg
Manufacturer: Columbia University School of International Public Affairs
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

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This digital document is an article from Journal of International Affairs, published by Columbia University School of International Public Affairs on September 22, 2004. The length of the article is 360 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed.(Book Review)
Author: Mica Rosenberg
Publication: Journal of International Affairs (Refereed)
Date: September 22, 2004
Publisher: Columbia University School of International Public Affairs
Volume: 58 Issue: 1 Page: 276(2)

Article Type: Book Review

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Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed.(Review) (book review): An article from: Utopian Studies

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Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed.(Review) (book review): An article from: Utopian Studies
Kristen Parris
Manufacturer: Society for Utopian Studies
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

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This digital document is an article from Utopian Studies, published by Society for Utopian Studies on March 22, 1999. The length of the article is 1471 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed.(Review) (book review)
Author: Kristen Parris
Publication: Utopian Studies (Refereed)
Date: March 22, 1999
Publisher: Society for Utopian Studies
Volume: 10 Issue: 2 Page: 310

Article Type: Book Review

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Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed.(Review): An article from: Independent Review

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Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed.(Review): An article from: Independent Review
Deepak Lal
Manufacturer: Independent Institute
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

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This digital document is an article from Independent Review, published by Independent Institute on June 22, 2000. The length of the article is 1178 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed.(Review)
Author: Deepak Lal
Publication: Independent Review (Refereed)
Date: June 22, 2000
Publisher: Independent Institute
Volume: 5 Issue: 1 Page: 140

Article Type: Book Review

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Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed.(Review): An article from: Journal of the American Planning Association

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Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed.(Review): An article from: Journal of the American Planning Association
Michael Hibbard
Manufacturer: American Planning Association
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

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This digital document is an article from Journal of the American Planning Association, published by American Planning Association on January 1, 1999. The length of the article is 892 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed.(Review)
Author: Michael Hibbard
Publication: Journal of the American Planning Association (Refereed)
Date: January 1, 1999
Publisher: American Planning Association
Volume: 65 Issue: 1 Page: 121(2)

Article Type: Book Review

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Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed

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Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed
James; Scott, James C. Scott
Manufacturer: Yale University Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000ORPN8I

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Customer Reviews:

You Must Read This Book!.......1999-12-22

Otero and Rhyne have done an admirable job of documenting recent advances in the field of microfinance. They combine a succinct and accessible writing style with lively case studies to (a) challenge pre-existing economic notions regarding microfinance, (b) present a model for evaluating microfinance programs, (c) discuss the legal environment for microfinance programs, and, (d) elaborate on alternative program design and delivery mechanisms to effectively reach poor clients. I found the case studies very helpful. Both laymen and specialists will benefit from the balanced, informed and painstaking research that has gone into writing this book. A must-read for development enthusiasts in general and microfinance fanatics in particular!

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Applications from condensed matter physics, statistical mechanics and elementary particle theory appear in the book. An obvious omission here is general relativity--we apologize for this. We originally intended to discuss general relativity. However, both the need to keep the size of the book within the reasonable limits and the fact that accounts of the topology and geometry of relativity are already available, for example, in The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time by S. Hawking and G. Ellis, made us reluctantly decide to omit this topic.

Customer Reviews:

Excellent overview and graphical explanation.......2004-01-16

This book shows you the geometric view of some advanced mathematical topics. It can greatly assist your intuition of what is going on in a mathematical setting when reading a true mathematics book. Armed with this book the other advanced text in Topology, Algebraic Geometry and Differential Geometry make more sense from a Physics point of view.

Excellent overview and graphical explanation.......2004-01-16

Good attempt.......2002-07-10

When reading this book one can both admire these authors and feel sympathy with them. They have made an honest effort to explain the concepts of differential geometry and topology in a way that is understandable and appreciated by the physicist reader. But the book falls short in many places, although there are some places where they do a fine job. They have taken on a very difficult project in this book, for it is quite straightforward to expound on the formalism of mathematics, but explaining it in a way that grants insight into its conceptual meaning is another matter altogether. Many physicists complain, with justification, that the way mathematics is presented in textbooks is not sufficient for giving them a deep appreciation of the underlying ideas involved. This, they argue, is what is needed for devising new physical theories and results based on these ideas. Physicists must assimilate very complex mathematical ideas very quickly in order to formulate these theories in a reasonable time frame. This is especially true in high energy physics, which in the last two decades has used mathematics like it has never been used before. Indeed, the mathematical complexity of high energy physics is dizzying, and if progress is going to be made in this field by the students of the 21st century, they are going to need mathematics books and documents that are more than just formal expositions. But, again, writing these kinds of books is very hard to do, and has yet to be done in a book to this date, although there are helpful discussions scattered throughout the mathematical literature.

Some of the concepts that need more in-depth explanation include: the theory of characteristic classes, sheaf theory, the theory of schemes in algebraic geometry, and spectral sequences in algebraic topology. There are of course many others, and some of the ones that the authors do a fairly good job of explaining in this book include: 1. the reason that the continuity of a function is defined in terms of inverses of open sets; 2. The orientability of a manifold; 3. The fundamental group and its relation with the first homology group. 4. The discussion on Morse theory.

Covers a lot of ground . . . but not always well.......2002-05-12

Unlike many physics students, I grant a lot of leeway to books on mathematics for physicists. I think it's all right for an author to engage in hand-waving arguments if this enhances physical intuition or even to make the occasional statements without proof if this allows more ground to be covered. However, if a proof actually is presented, I expect this proof to be correct. In this book, proofs are sometimes only for special cases of theorems stated more generally and often contain logical errors.

flawed and incomplete.......2002-01-12

Nash's book commits the sin many mathematical physics textbooks out there commit: "oh, we're writing for dimwit physicists, lets just give them a few scrawny examples and assure them everything else works alright." I'm sorry but writing for physicists is NOT an excuse for writing a sloppy textbook. Would you feel alright not knowing how an integral is defined? Would you use a numerical evaluation software to calculate integrals in serious research without understanding the algorithm it uses? If you do then you're a pretty shoddy physicist. I'm not saying this out of some "macho" sentiment many purist physicists have - I'm simply saying this because I feel the way this book teaches you diff. geometry is wrong - it teaches you to draw pictures and go by the pictures. When the pictures run out, so does your understanding.

This book is supposed to teach differential geometry. However, very little can be learned from it unless one already knows differential geometry: definitions are sometimes not general and sometimes not present at all, theorems are often stated only for special cases and even more often than that not proved at all. Sure, the book offers nice geometrical intuition, but this is not enough. An example: the book "proves" Stoke's theorem around page 40. Now, even a rigorous and condensed book would have problems doing that, considering the amount of "machinery" one needs to build up for it (tensors, differential forms, manifolds and so forth). This means the book makes a mess of it - big time.
There are many fine diff. geometry books out there, some for physicists, some not, which you should check out - Nakahara's text is so much better. For geometrical intuition I suggest picking up Schutz's book. Several books from the GTM (Graduate texts in mathematics series, the yellow ones) are really very accessible, such as Introduction to Topological Manifolds/Smooth Manifolds. Another good one is Allen Hatcher's Algebraic Topology for homotopy, homology and cohomology. For a good and responsible exposition, do yourself a favor and look for something else.

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