Financial accounting: Objective questions and explanations

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Innovative Theory and Empirical Research on Employee Turnover (PB) (Research in Human Resource Management)

Manufacturer: Information Age Publishing
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Binding: Paperback

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Book Description

This book includes contributions from a variety of different perspectives on employee turnover. We categorize these myriad papers in terms of history, scope, theory development, and population generalization. Part I thus begins with an article by James Price, a pioneering thinker in the turnover field. Initiating the most systematic turnover research ever undertaken, Dr. Price describes his persistent quest to develop and refine a comprehensive theory of turnover. His 30-year intellectual journey offers valuable insight into theoretical and methodological challenges that continue to confront all turnover researchers.

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Combining the strengths of human cognition and computer power, this book presents a practical application of artificial intelligence to the problem of retrieving information and facts with high-quality measures of precision and recall. It describes the System for Heuristic Retrieval of Information and Facts (SHRIF), a powerful and versatile system that is designed to exploit the lessons provided by humans who are able to attain partial, conflicting, and fuzzy goals effectively, despite limitations in speed and precision. In addition to information retrieval, SHRIF can serve as a model for any system with a variety of information processing objectives, from diagnosis and troubleshooting to classification and causal reasoning.

Findler employs the methodologies of knowledge representation, clustering techniques, natural language understanding, and information and fact retrieval to make use of the lessons provided by human effectiveness and flexibility in a variety of fuzzy domains. These lessons enable systems to assimilate new information, respond quickly to varying needs for information and facts, find sensible compromises in conflicting situations, distinguish between what is more and less important and between correct and faulty pieces of information, make inductive judgments on the basis of disjoint observations, discover and use partial similarities and analogies, and detect and correct errors.

Nicholas V. Findler is Research Professor of Computer Science and Director of the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at Arizona State University.

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All papers have been peer reviewed. The International Cryogenic Materials Conference covers the development and properties of insulation and structural materials used to construct cryogenic devices and for cryogenic applications. It also deals with the study of low and high temperature superconducting materials that are used in wire form for conductor applications such as cables for high field magnets, motors, transmission lines, transformers,and fault current limiters, for thin film applications in electronic devices, and bulk form for levitation and applications. One session was devoted to the new magnesium boride (MgB2) superconductors.

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The job of the constraint programmer is to use mathematical constraints to model real world constraints and objects. In this book, Kim Marriott and Peter Stuckey provide the first comprehensive introduction to the discipline of constraint programming and, in particular, constraint logic programming. The book covers the necessary background material from artificial intelligence, logic programming, operations research, and mathematical programming. Topics discussed range from constraint-solving techniques to programming methodologies for constraint programming languages. Because there is not yet a universally used syntax for constraint logic programming languages, the authors present the programs in a way that is independent of any existing programming language. Practical exercises cover how to use the book with a number of existing constraint languages.

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Very good introduction.......2001-07-03

This book is one of the few devoted to constraint programming, and does a good job of introducing the field to those interested. Optimization problems are finding use of constraint programming and there are a few commercial packages available that implement constraint programming technique in optimization. The book can be used as a textbook of an actual course, since there are many exercises included in it. The authors encourage the reader to use the CLP(R) package, which is freely available, to solve some of the practical exercises.

After a brief introduction to constraint programming, the authors introduce three types of constraints that exist in constraint programming, namely arithmetic, tree, and finite domain. They also introduce three operations involving constraints: satisfiability, simplification, and optimization. The authors spend most of the chapter on the question of satisfiability. Constraints are defined from the standpoint of mathematical logic, along with what it means for them to be satisfiable, and a discussion on modeling with arithmetic constraints and constraint satisfaction is given with an example from electric circuits. Tree constraints are then discussed with an example of a C-language binary tree used to motivate the discussion. Boolean constraints are then discussed, along with sequence constraints, which are shown to have an interesting application to DNA mapping and decoding. An application to artificial intelligence is given, and this one involves constraints that are not taken from mathematics. The authors

finish the chapter with a discussion of constraint solving using local propagation, a technique used in graph theory.

The authors discuss the simplification and optimization of constraints in the next chapter. They show when constraints are redundant, give rules for deciding when one constraint is equivalent to another, and show how using projection can allow the simplifying of a constraint with respect to the variables of interest. When projection cannot be done, they then show how to add variables to a constraint in order to achieve simplification. The (polynomial-time) Dantzig simplex algorithm is discussed for problems with linear real arithmetic constraints. Algorithms are discussed for deciding when two constraints are equivalent or when one implies the other.

In chapter 3, the authors discuss constraint problems for the case where the constraint domain is a finite set. The arc and node consistency, bounds propagation, and integer programming techniques, familiar from AI and operations research, are discussed in detail. The famous N-queens problem is introduced as motivation for the constraint satisfaction problem. The free-ware Prolog package ECLiPSe is introduced in the practical exercises. The authors give references to an interesting application of constraint satisfaction problems to planning gene-splicing experiments (the MOLGEN system).

The next part of the book concerns the constraint logic programming (CLP) paradigm wherein the authors define constraint logic programs and programming techniques. The reader familiar with logic programming (Prolog for example), will clearly see the influence of ideas from that area, such as rules, goals, rewriting, and derivations. An interesting and useful example of applying CLP to the modeling of options trading is given. Also, the authors show how to employ some of the more common data structures, such as lists and binary trees into CLP. In addition, they show how one can measure the efficiency of a CLP program, and how to improve it using various programming techniques to reduce the search space. The authors show how CLP can be implemented for both cases of infinite and finite domain constraints.

In the last part of the book the authors discuss other ways of viewing constraint logic programs, such as thinking it in terms of a database, called a constraint database. The discussion is very interesting, for the authors show how they are generalizations of the standard databases, and they show how the usual evaluation techniques in CLP, such as backtracking, must be generalized if one is to efficiently implement constraint databases. This "bottom-up" evaluation is compared with the "top-down"; approach usually employed. They show in great detail how constraint databases are a natural generalization of relational databases. They also show how CLP can be generalized to the case of concurrent constraint programming, where agents can execute concurrently and communicate via some global constraint in memory. In addition, they give a brief overview of how CLP can be implemented into the functional and imperative programming paradigms. They mention the use of various commercial packages for doing constraint programming, such as Mathematica, Maple, Macsyma, and ILOG SOLVER. Since the time of publication a very powerful commercial package, called ILOG OPL has appeared.

The applications of constraint programming are mushrooming, and I have found it to be a very powerful tool for example in network modeling and simulation, and in mathematical portfolio analysis, although sometimes one must be patient because of performance. The programming methodologies used are different than the usual ones, but I find them to be very effective for program transparency and economy of thought. Others have also apparently found constraint programming to be useful, for example the problem of protein structure prediction has recently made heavy use of constraint programming techniques. Other recent uses of CLP include a system for transport planning and scheduling for a large food industry, a system for a TV/radio company to plan and control the assignment of journalists and technicians to different emissions, and a system to develop work plans and schedules for train drivers and conductors, optimal planning of digital cordless communication systems, and nuclear fuel transportation and scheduling.

This is the best book on the subject........2000-03-27

So simple, straight forward, highly comprehensive but elegant bok on this subject is rarely available. Most topics covered in the book are readable with almost no effort. This is due to the authors' inherent capability of presentation. The foundation of the book rests on constraint simplification and optimization(chapter 2). Definitions are clear with adequate examples. Chapter 4 to 10 deal with Constraint Logic Programming. Here the authors focuss various important issues that are needed to researchers in this domain.Many applications in these chapters are highlighted to introduce the concepts. The last 2 chapters deal with constraint databases and concurrent constraint programming languages. Though it is a monograph readers of general interest in AI will find the chapters 1-4 useful and highly readable for knowing the state-of-the-art of this subject.

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80 million copies in 40 languages...

The beauty of sex

Historical Value Plus Some Meaning Amongst the Sex

God's Little Acre was ahead of its time...Mary from Georgia

Pot-Boiler Trash

God's Little Acre
Erskine Caldwell
Manufacturer: University of Georgia Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 0820316636

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80 million copies in 40 languages..........2007-03-05

I think the notion that anyone would attempt to rate this book as anything less than a cornerstone of American literature and a glimpse into what was once a good portion of our country is a little silly. 80 million copies and 40 languages as an indication of success will probably hold up under the weight of a critical Internet Amazon review. In many ways God's Little Acre is a bit like Knut Hamsun's "Growth of the Soil" in the context of simple people and a story is not exclusively American. It is a part of every developing society, regardless language, race, ethnicity, etc., etc...

Simple, uneducated people who comprised the characters in the book, did do not live a life with a perspective derived from college dorms, GameBoy or a value system indoctrination. They didn't know they were racist, they didn't know they were greedy and they didn't realize that being preoccupied with sex was a bad thing. I'm not so sure I did either. I kind of think that is the point, the author's presentation of something he knew and wanted to share with others, a life quite different from ours.

Don't scream and put your head in a paper bag when you read this book. Don't hyperventilate over racism, sex, poverty and a fool's search for gold. The book is good insight, the book captures the reality of a type of person that lived mostly at another place in time. It is a part of American history, it was a part of American life. I was born in the south, but not that long ago. The characters don't frighten me, they don't speak for me, but I know who they are. I honestly don't think going back to 1933 would be necessary to find these types of folks.

A great book, colorful and tantalizing story and it takes only a couple of hours to read. Don't let shrieking PC keep you from a learning experience.

The beauty of sex.......2005-07-18

This novel depicts reality from which we often escape or never admit to knowing. The author shows how enlightenment is a never-ending task. One could say the book sold for sex, but we are sexual creatures. The book, once brought before the courts as depicting immoral acts, transcends any law society has or will create.

Historical Value Plus Some Meaning Amongst the Sex.......2005-04-27

Written in 1933, this story is set in rural Georgia in a time and location of great poverty. It was quite a sensation when it came out, because it was so full of blatant incestuous sex. First, you have Ty Ty who has raised 3 boys and 2 girls on his own. All 3 boys and one sister have married, while the youngest girl, Darling Jill, is a sex-pot sleeping with everyone who she can. Griselda, one of the sisters-in-law, has a gorgeous body and everybody wants to sleep with her. Ty Ty makes sure that he tells everyone he can talk to that her body is really hot and makes a man want to lick her. As you might imagine, disaster results.

So in one way the entire story (209 pages) is about guys lusting after girls, girls choosing to accept or reject a given lustful attempt, and the father either saying "I want everything to be peaceful" while goading every man he meets to sleep with Griselda.

There are other layers here too. The entire region is destitute. But while Ty Ty has a large spread of fertile land, he has dedicated the last 15 years of his life to digging gigantic holes in search of gold. He is starving to death - and his two negro share-croppers are also starving. Only 2 of the kids have escaped this hole-digging escapade. One is the married sister, Rosamond. She's married Will, a mill-worker. Unfortunately, the mill has shut down and the entire mill-town is starving. They are holding out for better wages and have lasted a year and a half on the barest of rations. The second is the oldest son, who made a ton of money brokering cotton and now refuses to talk to the rest of the family because of their foolish hole-digging.

So Will the mill-worker COULD work, but he and the town are holding out for principles. Ty Ty and his clan COULD farm and feed themselves - but they spend their energy digging holes for gold. There are only 2 non-family-members in the story, Pluto is an overweight man who lusts after Darling Jill. Even he refuses to work. He wants to campaign to be Sheriff, because then he'd be paid for sitting around. Dave is the albino the family grabbed to 'divine' the gold for them. He's married, but after one look at Darling Jill he stays to have sex with her.

Even the greed and lust of the men is often only half-hearted. Pluto wants to be Sheriff - but it's usually too hot for him to go talking to voters. Ty Ty gets a desire to have an albino, but then dilly dallies for hours before setting out.

The title of the book refers to Ty Ty's land, full of holes. Ty Ty feels he is generous by setting aside one acre to be "for God" - that all proceeds from the acre will be donated to the church. But in actuality, Ty Ty "moves" the acre around to make sure that he never digs on it - he doesn't want to risk his gold going to the church. It's the same with other aspects of Ty Ty's life. He feels he's scientific in his hole-digging - but he ropes and grabs an albino man to "divine" for him where to dig next. He wants his family to be peaceful and happy, while goading every male member to sleep with Griselda. None of the characters are very bright. They all are driven by instincts, usually either sex, or greed, or both. The men all go for what they want. With the exception of Darling Jill who has sex when she wants, the women all sit back and are acted on. Griselda in fact lets Will grab her because he is a "real man" - and Will's wife watches the entire thing happen, again because Will is a real man.

Which brings us to the other disappointing parts of the book. The stereotypes in the book are pretty staggering. This entire family is completely unable to care for themselves. They are animals grabbing for gold and rutting with whoever is nearby. The negros are wide-eyed and simple. They're all starving to death and they don't care. I understand of course they are exaggerations in order to make a point - but when the over-characterizations go to the ludricrous stage, it begins to lose its impact.

Also, while the book's sexual exploits are rather tame by today's standards, it is still rather sex-filled. There was a lot of interesting material here - the special acre, the way the people HAD the ability to feed themselves but chose not to do it. The way Ty Ty sought peace while undermining it. But the book instead focusses on the shocking things - of men standing and watching their naked female family members undressing, taking baths, having sex, whatever. You really do not get any sense of any character in the book having dimension. They are either horny men, or sex-object women.

That all being said, I really did feel like there was an underlayer here that was interesting. The idea of this special acre of land really touched me. First, Ty Ty moves it around to keep it 'safe' from the gold. Then Ty Ty puts it under the house, where there's no risk of it being involved in a dig attempt. Ty Ty's home is resting on God's Acre. But soon Ty Ty's digging efforts cause his own house to begin to cave in. When Ty Ty realizes that one of his sons is in danger, he desperately tries to set the "acre" in motion - to always stay beneath his son, and keep him safe.

God's Little Acre was ahead of its time...Mary from Georgia.......2005-01-05

Maybe this book was too contemporary for its 1930's audience. However, the theme and language are quite tame compared to some of the works of the 21st century writers. Although there are many people in Georgia who are extemely intelligent and have created the best literature to date (Margaret Mitchell & Alice Walker, for example). There are still people who are similar to the characters in God's Little Acre in Georgia and other colorful characters in the United States. This work compares to the writings of William Falkner, who is considered tied for the honor of the greatest writer of the 20th Century along beside Ernest Hemmingway. It also compares with Billy Bob Thortnon's brilliance of charater in his writings as well. The theme is spiritual as well as sensual. Don't take my word for it...Read it and compare it to Slingblade, The Sound and the Fury, and The Color Purple.

Pot-Boiler Trash.......2004-05-29

Erskine Caldwell (1903-1987) was considered a major author in the 1930s; today, however, his name is most often mentioned in derision, for his great claim to fame consists of two novels that are bynames for potboiler trash: TOBACCO ROAD and GOD'S LITTLE ACRE.

Read today, it is difficult to imagine how something like GOD'S LITTLE ACRE actually managed to sell over eight million copies. First published in 1933, it tells the story of what Caldwell's apologists describe as uneducated, impoverished, rural white Southerners during the Great Depression--but which any one else with a grain of sense would more specifically describe as no-count trash. And then as now, there are a great many Southern farmers who fly into a rage whenever Caldwell's name is mentioned, so thoroughly did he blacken their reputation.

The reason the novel sold well is very simple: sex. And while the sex is tame by today's standards, in 1933 it was pretty hot stuff. Everybody in the novel is in a state of lust. Daddy TyTy lusts over his daughter-in-law and yes, even his own daughters. His sons lust over anything in skirts. His son-in-law lusts over his sisters-in-law. And daughter Darling Jill just lusts, plain and simple, and there ain't a-nothin' no one can do about it, honey, that's just the way she is.

Most particularly, the family lusts over gold. TyTy has gotten it into his head that there is gold on his farm, and in consequence he has spent the last fifteen years digging holes in it. Trouble is, he never bothers to fill the holes back in, so now he doesn't have any land to actually farm. But not to worry. A wannabe sheriff (who is, of course, in lust--in this case with Darling Jill) has told him where he can find one of them-there albinos, and TyTy is convinced that albino mojo will lead them to the gold for sure.

There is one thing that troubles every one, though, and it's the thought that when they find the gold it might just be on "God's little acre"--a tiny portion of the farm that TyTy has set aside to provide for the Lord's work. Everything that comes out of God's little acre goes to the church... not, of course, that any one bothers to farm it. But not to worry. Every time TyTy begins to suspect that the gold might be on God's little acre he just up and decides to put God's little acre somewhere else.

Throw in gun shots, rattle-trap cars, racism, a mill strike, a rich son with his nose in the air (who is, of course, in lust--in this case with his sister-in-law) and every other distasteful and dehumanizing cliche you can imagine and you have GOD'S LITTLE ACRE. Now, there have been a number of writers who have turned their talents to such lurid tales with considerable success--William Faulkner, Tennessee Williams, and John Steinbeck to name but three. But don't kid yourself: Caldwell isn't among the great masters, not by a long shot, and you're not going to find him listed among the great authors of this or any other era. When all is said and done, the absolute best that can be said for GOD'S LITTLE ACRE is that it is fairly short. Two stars for historical significance as a publishing phenomena, but zero for intrinsic merit.

GFT, Amazon Reviewer

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Excerpt from back of book:

GOD'S LITTLE ACRE

Manufacturer: New American Library
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000EQMJCM

Product Description

Paperback,Signet Modern Classics Pub,New American Library,CR 1933,Renewed CR 1961 Erskine Caldwell,Pub Signet,arrangement W/ Little Brown,stated reprint of original HB ed by little Brown,Pub,

Customer Reviews:

Excerpt from back of book:.......2006-03-12

"When it was first published in 1933, this extraordinary novel stunned the world and raised a storm of controversy. Rarely had literary language been so frank, rarely had literary situations been so boldly graphic. In the years since its first publication, God's Little Acre has sold almost 8,000,000 copies in paperback alone, been translated into 21 languages, and come to be recognized as an American classic."

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God's Little Acre

Manufacturer: Grosset Dunlap
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover
ASIN: B000EW3U8S

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God's Little Acre
Erskine Caldwell
Manufacturer: Signet
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Mass Market Paperback
ASIN: B000ILKOU2

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GOD'S LITTLE ACRE

Manufacturer: New American Library
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000I13X78

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GOD'S LITTLE ACRE
Erskine Caldwell
Manufacturer: Anglo-American Publishing Co
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000IZZ30Y

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GOD'S LITTLE ACRE
ERSKINE CALDWELL
Manufacturer: The Modern Library
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Leather Bound
ASIN: B000UGVVDY

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God's Little Acre
Erskine Caldwell
Manufacturer: Signet Books
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Mass Market Paperback
ASIN: B000RHM6TY

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God's Little Acre
Erskine Caldwell
Manufacturer: New York, New York: New American Library{Signet}
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover
ASIN: B000LGKR3I

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God's Little Acre

Manufacturer: Modern Library
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover
ASIN: B000GAYF8W

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Model Provisions for Commercial Bankruptcy Law for Economies in Transition
Henry Schiffman
Manufacturer: Butterworths Tolley
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 0406923728

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