Amazon.com
To many, Emperor Hirohito of Japan is remembered as a helpless figurehead during Japan's wars with China and the U.S. According to the received wisdom, he knew nothing of the plan to bomb Pearl Harbor and had no power to stop atrocities like the Rape of Nanking. The emperor was the mild-mannered little man who traipsed with Mickey Mouse in Disneyland and who brought peace through surrender, certainly not "one of the most disingenuous persons ever to occupy the modern throne." Herbert Bix's charged political biography, however, argues that such accepted beliefs are myths and misrepresentations spun by both Japanese and Americans to protect the emperor from indictment. Since Hirohito's death in 1989, hundreds of documents, diaries, and scholarly studies have been published (and subsequently ignored) in Japan. Historian Bix used these sources to develop this shocking and nuanced portrait of a man far more shrewd, activist, and energetic than previously thought. Caught up in the fever of territorial expansion, Hirohito was the force that animated the war system, who, acting fully as a military leader and head of state, encouraged the belligerency of his people and pursued the war to its disastrous conclusion. To the very end, Hirohito refused to acknowledge any responsibility for his role in the death of millions as well as the brutalities inflicted by his forces in China, Korea, and the Philippines. In fact, he worked with none other than General MacArthur to select his fall guys and fix testimony at the Tokyo War Crimes Trials--the emperor trying to protect the throne at all cost, the U.S. acting to ensure control of the Japanese population and the military by retaining Hirohito as a figurehead.
Not surprisingly, this hefty work of scholarship is making waves, as Americans and Japanese reconsider their roles in WWII and its aftermath. By placing Hirohito back in the center of the picture and puncturing the myths that surround him, Bix has effectively asked the Japanese to come out of their half-century repression of the past and face their wartime responsibility. Without doing so, he implies, the monarchy will forever impede the development of democracy. For those interested in Japan's wartime past and its influence on the present, this is fascinating, if lengthy, reading. --Lesley Reed
Book Description
Winner of the Pulitzer Prize
In this groundbreaking biography of the Japanese emperor Hirohito, Herbert P. Bix offers the first complete, unvarnished look at the enigmatic leader whose sixty-three-year reign ushered Japan into the modern world. Never before has the full life of this controversial figure been revealed with such clarity and vividness. Bix shows what it was like to be trained from birth for a lone position at the apex of the nation's political hierarchy and as a revered symbol of divine status. Influenced by an unusual combination of the Japanese imperial tradition and a modern scientific worldview, the young emperor gradually evolves into his preeminent role, aligning himself with the growing ultranationalist movement, perpetuating a cult of religious emperor worship, resisting attempts to curb his power, and all the while burnishing his image as a reluctant, passive monarch. Here we see Hirohito as he truly was: a man of strong will and real authority.
Supported by a vast array of previously untapped primary documents, Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan is perhaps most illuminating in lifting the veil on the mythology surrounding the emperor's impact on the world stage. Focusing closely on Hirohito's interactions with his advisers and successive Japanese governments, Bix sheds new light on the causes of the China War in 1937 and the start of the Asia-Pacific War in 1941. And while conventional wisdom has had it that the nation's increasing foreign aggression was driven and maintained not by the emperor but by an elite group of Japanese militarists, the reality, as witnessed here, is quite different. Bix documents in detail the strong, decisive role Hirohito played in wartime operations, from the takeover of Manchuria in 1931 through the attack on Pearl Harbor and ultimately the fateful decision in 1945 to accede to an unconditional surrender. In fact, the emperor stubbornly prolonged the war effort and then used the horrifying bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, together with the Soviet entrance into the war, as his exit strategy from a no-win situation. From the moment of capitulation, we see how American and Japanese leaders moved to justify the retention of Hirohito as emperor by whitewashing his wartime role and reshaping the historical consciousness of the Japanese people. The key to this strategy was Hirohito's alliance with General MacArthur, who helped him maintain his stature and shed his militaristic image, while MacArthur used the emperor as a figurehead to assist him in converting Japan into a peaceful nation. Their partnership ensured that the emperor's image would loom large over the postwar years and later decades, as Japan began to make its way in the modern age and struggled -- as it still does -- to come to terms with its past.
Until the very end of a career that embodied the conflicting aims of Japan's development as a nation, Hirohito remained preoccupied with politics and with his place in history. Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan provides the definitive account of his rich life and legacy. Meticulously researched and utterly engaging, this book is proof that the history of twentieth-century Japan cannot be understood apart from the life of its most remarkable and enduring leader.
Customer Reviews:
Biased perspective - "History" by Objective.......2007-02-21
I've read this book twice, and came to the same conclusions as Mr. O'Neil (before reading his review). Bix seems to almost bend over backwards to paint leftist and communists in idealized light, akin to the current vogue iconization of Che' as a liberating hero. Never understood why most intellectuals can't see communism/socialism as the same thing as facism - move far enough to the left and you meet the far right.
Anyhow, to provide an Abstract for the books thesis: Factions in the US governement - lead by left-hating McArthur - used Hirohito after the war as a tool to suppress communism in Japan and help Chaing-Kai-Shek fight against Mao. This was accomplished by white-washing the evils of Hirohito, who was a key architect of not only WWII, but also of brutal suppression of communist liberators seeking only democracy for Japan.
And don't forget to throw in unreferenced purgoratives that support your thesis ... my favorite is this one: a government minister said "Hirohito wept when he heard the judgement against Tojo." No reference is given, no name, no context or location. Its just a cheap shot akin to Michael Moore journalism. And there are NUMEROUS such examples of this in the book.
A better title of the book would be .. "Too bad Mao's revolution couldn't have spread successfully into Japan: Darn that Hirohito and his right-wing enabler McArthur."
Overrated.......2006-07-29
Perhaps I had too many expectations of this book, because it won a Pulitzer Prize and other awards. I enjoyed the wording and style employed by the author; the sentences and paragraphs were both very fluid and readable. My main complaint with this book is that I do not feel that I learned much by reading it, i.e., I do not believe the factual information to words ratio (facts/words) was high enough for me to recommend it to someone else. In some parts of the book, it seems that the author attempts to employ a written form of filibusters. Usually after reading a few pages or chapters of a non-fiction book, I have to sit back to take in all the information. This book never necessitated such a pause in my reading. In short, I believe this book may be interesting to those few people extremely interested in Hirohito's role during and after World War II. But, I believe most people will agree that the best one-word summary of this book would be as follows: Overrated.
An Enjoyable Bio on an Interesting Figure.......2006-07-16
I actually found this one in a bookstore while I was in Japan, then bought it over here in the states. Hirohito is probably not read about much here, but he should be because his life impacts Asian thought and politics to this day.
While everyone knows that Hitler was responsible for the death of probably 12 million during the holocaust, few people realize that Hirohito was responsible for the death of 20 million people. Therefore, Korea, and China still harbor feelings due to WWII.
Bix explains how Hirohito escaped war crimes trials. This is what makes the book somewhat controversial. Bix maintains that Hirohito played an active role in the Asian agression by Japan before and during WWII, rather than just being a mere figurehead. He also spends quite a bit of time covering the contributions that McArthur made in rebuilding Japan after WWII.
Bix's writing style is pleasant. Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan seems very well researched. This book is the place to start if you want to understand U.S. - Japanese relations.
Hirohito's Life Revealed.......2005-10-06
This book explicitly tells of Hirohito's life from a newborn Crown Prince to an Emperor on his deathbed. It shows how his upbringing had a serious impact on his decisions in the war and how he dealt with the consequences of those decisions after the war. As a child, he was given the best education according to Japanese custom. He spent most of his life away from his father and grandfather, since they were both busy men. He witnessed the glorious aftermath of the Russo-Japanese war and believed that this was the standard that should happen for the War of Greater East Asia.
In the war, most people perceived him as a puppet being operated by a group of military advisors. This is blatantly wrong. He played an active role in what happened and didn't happen in the war. He knew about the treatment of POW's and Chinese civilians but did little to stop this. The delay of the surrender was also his fault, as he sought a way out that would leave him and his regime intact.
After the war was concluded, The Japanese people felt as though they had to protect their emperor's innocence even after all that he had done. As the blame was placed on General Tojo, who accepted his death as willing as anyone else in history, and his cabinet, Hirohito escaped with no blame placed on him. The emperor then began to rebuild and recreate Japan as a peaceful nation with economic power to rival the western countries. This book is an excellent account of Hirohito's life and what influenced him to do what he did. I recommend this book to history or Japan fans so they can learn the emperor's story.
stating the obvious: that Hirohito was in the loop.......2005-10-01
Tokyo's Yasukuni Shrine houses the souls of 2.4 million Japanese soldiers, most of whom fell in the Pacific War in the service of the late Emperor Hirohito, the subject of this rather acrid biography by Herbert P. Bix, who was a history professor at Tokyo's Hitotsubashi University when he published this tome.
The book has a simple thesis. The late emperor Hirohito was centrally involved in planning and prosecuting the Pacific war and should be held accountable even now for it. As part of this process, Bix would also like Yasukuni Shrine, one of Japan's three most important Shinto shrines, stripped of whatever militaristic and nationalistic symbolism it possesses. Bix is undoubtedly a good historian. But is he right? And is he fair? Probably not.
When 360 Japanese planes sank 90% of America's Pacific fleet moored in Pearl Harbour on Sunday, 7 December 1941, the Japanese bit off more than they could ever chew. The attack, which was modeled on the British attack on the Italian fleet a few months earlier, sank five battleships, two cruisers, three destroyers and two other naval vessels moored at Pearl Harbour. A further one hundred and seventy five planes were destroyed on Hickman Airfield. Only 28 Japanese planes were lost. Unfortunately for the Japanese, the Pacific Fleet's three aircraft carriers had not been in port and were not hunted down afterwards. These three aircraft carriers, joined by two others, eventually spearheaded the American counter attack. Admiral Isoruku Yamamoto's string of early successes ended only six months later at the Battle of Midway.
Even though Japan's navy was in the ascendant for only six months, the picture, even in the immediate aftermath of Pearl Harbour, was bleak. An early attack on Ceylon was repulsed by the wily cat and mouse tactics of the largely obsolete British Far Eastern fleet under Admiral Sir James Somerville; he engaged in hit and run tactics against a superior Japanese flotilla. As a consequence, Britain only had to defend India in Burma. Japan, in other words, was already getting boxed in. They would have to fight the war on ground chosen by their enemies. The war, even then, was unwinnable.
Unlike the Allies, Japan did not have a viable strategy. Despite Bix's attempts to paint Hirohito out as Nippon's supreme commander, he was no Eisenhower or MacArthur. He was the Emperor of a nation run by a bunch of feuding fools, who rushed headlong into a war they could never hope to win.
The Japanese of that generation paid a terrible price for their leaders' folly. Over 100,000 Tokyo citizens were incinerated from March 9-10 1945, when the United States Air Force carpeted the city with incendiary bombs. Even as Truman announced Japan's unconditional surrender, Tokyo was flattened by a further 1,000 planes, just, one supposed, to let the world know who was boss - unsurprisingly enough, given the scale of Japan's devastation, all 1,000 planes returned safely to base to celebrate VJ Day. By then, a third of Hirohito's surviving subjects were homeless, 65% of all Tokyo residences were destroyed - 89% of Nagoya was in ruins. Over 500,000 Japanese troops had been dragooned into Siberian slave camps. Some 2 million others had also died - Yasukuni houses a goodly number of those sad souls, whose lives were cut short by the madness that then gripped Japan's leaders. But at least the madness of that war ended.
Hirohito's surrender was a cruel awakening for himself as well as for all his subjects and only a fool would say that the trauma is over for the relatives of all the fallen. The protests by Japan's wartime victims, which rocked Britain on Emperor Akihito's recent visit, is evidence enough of that. Korea, China and the Philippines provide plenty more.
Bix is not a fool. He is a Harvard-trained historian, who includes almost 100 pages of largely superfluous footnotes in this massive tome. Yet the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal report was much bigger. And, unlike Bix, most historians and lawyers agree that it was a travesty of justice. Bix produces plenty of well-worn evidence against Hirohito, as well as some new findings as befitting his scholarly calling. But does it matter? Probably not, unless you are a professional historian. And if you are, you should probably give Stalin's judge a more prominent role than Bix does. You should also extend to the independent stance adopted by Radhabinod Pal, India's representative, more respect than Bix does. You should also give the British - and the Poles - more credit than Bix does for Hitler's defeat. They, not FDR, were Hitler's most implacable enemies; they were the only two nations which engaged in the fight without stint from start to finish. One only has to recall Churchill's most famous speeches to agree that no one was more implacably opposed to Hitler than he was.
Perhaps that is a mere quibble to be expected from reading a book as vast as this one. However, there are several more. Although, for example, Bix presents a strong case against Hirohito, the author's most striking snippet of evidence favours the defense, not the prosecution. His first picture of the former emperor shows Hirohito as a brave and bonny babe waving the Rising Sun flag on his first birthday. That flag was to haunt the little boy ever since. It was to be almost his only companion.
He had few others. When he was only three months' old, he was taken away from his seventeen-year-old mother. He had no childhood games or friends. He was not allowed access even to his own brothers. His only companion was General Nogi Maresuke, the hero of Japan's formative 1905 Russian war, who committed hara kiri when the little boy was only seven. Aside from his wife, the Empress Nagako, his only social outlet was reviewing his assault troops from his pedigree white charger. Because the little boy grew up to have a strange, long, lonely and somehow unfulfilled life, perhaps he should be allowed, like those in Yasukuni, to sleep in peace. He'll be doing somersaults if Bix has his way.
Although Bix has done a good stitch-up, it is akin to another book on Diana or the Queen Mother. There is nothing major here that John Dower or other historians have not already told us. Although the book does shed valuable light on the past, throwing stones, however deservedly, at a revered emperor does not lead to parity of esteem. The challenge is to rise above the partisan venalities of history and to put an end not only to all wars but to their causes as well.
The Japanese, Hirohito's direct descendants included, have a key role to play in that process. Japan's challenge is to make amends for the grave mistakes of the past. Japan's politicians must chart the future. And to do that, they must learn the lessons and dynamics of history so that Japan and her neighbours never have the nightmare of war revisit them. This big book will be a very small but very important help in that regard.
Following Bix' award, this book was widely available in Japan. Whi says the Japanese do not have a sense of humor?
Average customer rating:
|
Crisp: Supervising Part-Time Employees: A Guide to Better Productivity (Crisp Fifty-Minute Books)
Elwood Chapman , and
Martha Chapman
Manufacturer: Crisp Learning
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
 General
| Business & Investing
| Subjects
| Books
Human Resources & Personnel Management
| Industries & Professions
| Business & Investing
| Subjects
| Books
Management
| Management & Leadership
| Business & Investing
| Subjects
| Books
Entrepreneurship
| Small Business & Entrepreneurship
| Business & Investing
| Subjects
| Books
Manager's Guides to Computing
| Business & Culture
| Computers & Internet
| Subjects
| Books
General
| Computers & Internet
| Subjects
| Books
All Titles
| Qualifying Textbooks - Fall 2007
| Stores
| Books
Business & Investing
| Qualifying Textbooks - Fall 2007
| Stores
| Books
Computers & Internet
| Qualifying Textbooks - Fall 2007
| Stores
| Books
ASIN: 1560522437 |
Book Description
With forty-hour work weeks no longer the norm, every manager will benefit from this valuable guide to part-time employees. Learn the techniques for getting high productivity and company loyalty from all your part-timers, whether they're younger, seasoned, or retired. Exams and exercises help you apply your new tactics immediately.
Average customer rating:
|
Sacred Cows and Hot Potatoes: Agrarian Myths in Agricultural Policy
Manufacturer: Westview Pr (Short Disc)
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover
Production & Operations
| Management & Leadership
| Business & Investing
| Subjects
| Books
Agricultural
| Economics
| Business & Investing
| Subjects
| Books
Public Policy
| Government
| Nonfiction
| Subjects
| Books
General
| Sociology
| Social Sciences
| Nonfiction
| Subjects
| Books
Federal Government
| Levels of Government
| Political Science
| Social Sciences
| Nonfiction
| Subjects
| Books
General
| Agricultural Sciences
| Professional Science
| Professional & Technical
| Subjects
| Books
ASIN: 0813385571 |
Customer Reviews:
Masterpiece.......2004-08-07
Congress consistently continues to enact subsidies to make the rich farmers richer and the poor poorer, both worldwide (!) and in the USA. This is a well documented slim volume (with some charming cartoons) on the perpetually inane and immoral agrarian policy of the USA. Written in the early 90s but certainly not outdated. Readers of Joseph Stiglitz` recent best selling "Globalization and its discontents" will find in this volume more ammunition on the agrarian aspects of the subject than they could ask for. Professionally sound and entertaining on top of it - highly recommended.
Book Description
Mushrooms in Texas? Yes, it's true. One of the best-kept secrets in the Lone Star state is that mushrooms can be found in almost every region. Thousands of species of mushrooms flourish in Texas from the desert and semiarid regions of West Texas to the moist and acid soils of East Texas, where species that can also be found in South America live alongside those that might be spotted in Malaysia and Europe. At last, here is the Texas mushroom book--a colorful, easy-to-follow guide that will surprise and delight uninitiated nature enthusiasts and at the same time provide the experienced mushroom hunter with the first field guide of its kind in Texas. Excellent color photographs and precise descriptions of over 200 species will enable the mushroom hunter--even the amateur--to make quick, careful easy distinctions between the edible varieties and the potentially toxic ones. In addition, kitchen-tested recipes are included along with a microscopic spore chart, glossary, and blbllography. In Texas, mushroom hunting can be a year-round, state-wide activity, and with this enticing introduction, collecting, identifying, and preparing wild mushrooms will become an activity the entire family can enjoy while appreciating the beauty of Texas from a new and fascinating angle.
Customer Reviews:
Excellent identification guide.......2006-12-15
This book really does Texas wild mushrooms well. Susan and Van Metzler present Texas mushrooms in a vivid format with many pictures, and information. You can tell these two have a passion for hunting mushrooms. They take a conservative approach when it comes to what types of mushrooms are edible, and which ones are not.
Their book has pictures of every type of mushroom they mention. They give time of year they may appear and where you may find the mushrooms. Careful details is added to whether or not the mushroom may be edible. I like that they mention some are edible, but they caution against eating a particular type of mushroom. They also mention which mushrooms it is not known if they are deadly or not.
You can tell these two have a passion for mushroom hunting and it shows in this book. Vivid color photographs, detailed information about their growing seasons, locations, are all included. They also slip in some recipes with this mushroom guide. I would recommend adding this book to your collection if you are hunting mushrooms in Texas.
Must Have Field Guide for Identifying Texas Wild Mushrooms.......2001-04-28
Fall 2000 and so far this Spring 2001, I have found thirteen types of wild mushrooms growing on my ranch in Bandera Texas (amazing what some good rains can do!). So far, I have been able to identify all of them with this single reference book. Pictures are clear, and descriptions are detailed. I highly recommend this book. By the way, I found morels---first time they've been seen in over 20 years here in the Hill Country, according to the locals.
Best and Only Guide to the Mushrooms of Louisiana and Texas.......2001-03-16
This book is wonderful. A thorough guide by the legendary Metzlers, famous experts on the subject. Color photos of every mushroom are beautiful and helpful. Complete descriptions, including interesting history, tips and cooking advice, make this book a fun, fascinating aid to any mushroom hunter. Other books will not suffice. Texas mushrooms are unique and strange, with many species that only occur in Texas. Other books will have dangerous gaps. You need this book. I'd buy it again, if I didn't already have it. The Deity-Man Van deserves our worship.
Book Description
"That camp changed how I felt about basketball and my future. It was the turning point in my life."--Michael Jordan
Before there was a Nike or Adidas camp for the nation's elite high-school players, there was Five-Star. Now in its37th year, Howard Garfinkel's Five-Star camp has produced hundreds of NBA and Division 1-A college players, including such superstars as Michael Jordan, Isaiah Thomas, and Vince Carter. In More Five-Star Basketball Drills, the author offers readers his one-of-a-kind, exclusive guide to the superstar camp's most successful drills, straight from the personal notepads of some of the nation's most successful professional and college coaches.
Coaches and players looking for a proven hoop drill program will find:
- More than 100 fundamentally sound and easy-to-execute drills
- An inside look at Five-Star's sure-fire plan for improving one's game
- Exclusive photos from the camp's illustrious history
Download Description
"That camp changed how I felt about basketball and my future. It was the turning point in my life.""--Michael Jordan Before there was a Nike or Adidas camp for the nation's elite high-school players, there was Five-Star. Now in its37th year, Howard Garfinkel's Five-Star camp has produced hundreds of NBA and Division 1-A college players, including such superstars as Michael Jordan, Isaiah Thomas, and Vince Carter. In More Five-Star Basketball Drills, the author offers readers his one-of-a-kind, exclusive guide to the superstar camp's most successful drills, straight from the personal notepads of some of the nation's most successful professional and college coaches. Coaches and players looking for a proven hoop drill program will find: More than 100 fundamentally sound and easy-to-execute drills An inside look at Five-Star's sure-fire plan for improving one's game Exclusive photos from the camp's illustrious history "
Customer Reviews:
A Must Have For Your Coaching Library.......2004-01-30
Fantastic Follow-up to the legendary Five-Star Drill Book. A must have for any coaches or aspiring coaches. Drills from the best coaches and players.
Customer Reviews:
Wasn't in stock.......2007-08-26
Unfortunately the book was not in stock, but they were quick to refund my money and send an apology e-mail. Great service!
It's good but not really worth purchasing........2007-05-23
It's a good book and all, but I think you're better off using an online dictionary reference site.
GREAT book for the medical field student.......2007-05-20
There is a LOT of information in a very small book. This is my second purchase of this book, as I wore out the other one!!! I recommend this book VERY highly.
This should be a required purchase for anyone in the medical field........2007-05-20
I found an old, haggerd version of this book in our clinic library. Soooo well loved I decided to buy my own copy. Now I carry it around everywere. It's the coolest book ever. It's laid out well, easily referenced and applies to every aspect of daily life. You'd be amazed how much your general comprehention of the English language increases when you pay attention to the "intention" of word roots. This book should be required text for kids in high school and absolutly for anyone in the medical field.
must have.......2007-03-09
A must for learning scientific vocabulary. Learning roots makes learning tough scientific words much easier. Wish I had it in my introductory biology classes
Product Description
Have you ever wondered where scientific words and names come from? Why are honey bees known as Apis mellifera, why is a daisy known as Bellis perennis'? If you are curious about words you can use this book to find out exactly what artiodactyl means, what an ectoloph is and where you can find Cantium. Within this book are over 12,800 entries, plus directions for using the word-roots, rules of pronunciation, guidance for constructing scientific names and general principles of transliteration.
Additionally there are appendices listing the adjectival forms of geographical names; some common terms for animals, plants and structures, activities and habitats; shapes, sizes, colors, textures, patterns, numbers, quantity, direction and location, parts of the year and chemical elements.
This dictionary will be especially useful to students from many fields and particularly those from medical and biological backgrounds, as well as being a valuable addition to any reference collection.
Average customer rating:
|
Lady: A Teenage DJ (Livewire)
Millie Murray
Manufacturer: Women's Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
Fiction
| Girls & Women
| People & Places
| Children's Books
| Subjects
| Books
General
| Literature
| Children's Books
| Subjects
| Books
ASIN: 0704349205 |
Books:
- History: Fiction or Science? (Chronology, No. 1)
- Home Inspection Checklists: 111 Illustrated Checklists and Worksheets You Need Before Buying a Home
- Integrated Marketing Communications: Putting It Together & Making It Work
- Introduction to Economic Growth (Second Edition)
- Introduction to Knowledge Management: KM in Business
- Knowledge Management Tools and Techniques: Practitioners and Experts Evaluate KM Solutions
- Macroeconomic Essentials - 2nd Edition: Understanding Economics in the News
- Macroeconomics: Explore and Apply, Enhanced Edition (Ayers/Collinge Economics Enhanced Series)
- Macroeconomics with MyEconLab Student Access Kit (5th Edition)
- Making Technology Investments Profitable: ROI Roadmap to Better Business Cases
Books Index
Books Home
Recommended Books
- Kaffir Boy: An Autobiography--The True Story of a Black Youth's Coming of Age in Apartheid South Afr
- Into a Dark Realm
- Great Camps of the Adirondacks
- History: Fiction or Science
- History: Fiction or Science
- History: Fiction or Science
- Grifter's Game
- Healthy House Building for the New Millennium
- Gwathmey Siegel: Buildings and Projects 1992-2002
- Three by Flannery O'Connor
Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II
The Making of Modern Japan
A Modern History of Japan: From Tokugawa Times to the Present
War Without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War
Gulag: A History
